Loudness (LUFS)

The loudness each platform wants, and your gain.

What it does

The loudness each destination expects, and how much to raise or lower your mix to reach it.

LUFS (or LKFS, the same scale) measure perceived loudness over the whole program, not the peaks. Measure your mix in your software (a loudness meter: Youlean, iZotope, Resolve, Premiere, Logic…).
True peak: the real highest point once converted, which can go above 0 dBFS. Stay under the maximum, or the platform’s conversion may distort.
Streaming platforms turn tracks that are too loud down; few turn quiet ones up. Mastering louder than the target only loses dynamics.
The values come from each platform’s published specs and can change: check them for an important delivery.

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